French Grammar Guide for non-francophones

CONJUNCTIONS (e.g.: et, mais, ou)

On this page: Description, Questions, Exercises

Description

An Overview of Conjunctions

Conjunctions are used to link two similar grammatical structures. For example, et links two nouns (mon frère et ma soeur), while que links two verb phrases (je veux que tu viennes).

Here are some points to keep in mind when writing with conjunctions:

et  ("and"):

  • do not confuse this with est, which is a form of the verb être;
  • when using a conjoined structure, like moi et mon frère ..., the following verb should be in the "nous" form (e.g.: Moi et mon frère arrivons demain).

mais ("but"):

  • make sure it is preceded by a comma.

que ("that"):

  • unlike English, this is required after verbs like savoir, vouloir, croire, etc.

si ("if"):

  • if it is followed by il or ils, write s' (e.g.: s'il vous plaît);
  • do not use the conditional after si (use the imperfect, the present or the future instead).

ou ("or"):

  • this word means "or". Don't confuse it with , which means "where".

 

Alors, Donc, Enfin, Cependant, Pourtant:

  • When used at the beginning of a sentence, these words should be followed by a comma.

Questions

Questions about Conjunctions

Q: Why is it elle est gentille and NOT elle et gentille?

The words et and est sound similar, but have very different meanings. The form et, which means "and", is used to join similar words (e.g.: Paul et Marie, Les enfants sont gentils et intelligents). As for the form est, it belongs to the verb être and means "is" (e.g.: Elle est gentille, Il est fatigué).

Q: Why is it je ne sais pas s'il vient and NOT je ne sais pas si il vient?

The combination si + il or ils always results in s'il(s).

Q: Why is it je sais qu'il m'aime and NOT je sais il m'aime?

You have to use que after verbs of opinion/belief. This is different from English since the word "that" is often deleted in this context.

Q: Why is it je ne sais pas si elle vient and NOT je ne sais pas s'elle vient?

The word si only changes to s' before il(s).

 

Exercises

Translate the following:

He is happy and I am sad > .
I don't know if he is intelligent > .
I think that she is here > .
She believes he is beautiful > .

Tags: être elision si et comma virgule adverbs
Verb conjugation:

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