French Grammar Guide for non-francophones

Infinitives (e.g.: parler, prendre, finir)

On this page: Description, Questions, Exercises

Description

An Overview of French Infinitives

The infinitive is the "bare" form of the verb. It provides information about meaning, but not grammar (no information about the subject, the tense or the number). The ending does provide information, however, about the possible forms the verb can take. The three main infinitive verbs are -er verbs (e.g.: parler), -re verbs (e.g.: prendre) and -ir verbs (e.g.: sortir).

In terms of usage, the infinitive is used:

a) after prepositions, e.g.: Je viens de parler aux enfants.

b) after other verbs, like pouvoir, vouloir, devoir and aller, e.g.: Je vais faire mes devoirs.

c) alone, e.g.: Apprendre c'est vivre de nouveau.

When using the infinitive in a negative structure, place both negative elements before the infinitive, not around it, e.g.: On lui a dit de ne pas faire trop de bruit.

Caution
  • The infinitive does not follow forms of the verbs avoir or être;
  • The infinitive does not follow subjects (like jetu, etc.)

Questions

Questions about Infinitives

Q: Why is it j’ai parlé and not *j’ai parler?

It is true that parlé and parler sound the same. However, they are not used in the same context. The form parlé (and donné, commencé, cassé, etc.) tend to be found after the auxiliary avoir, e.g.: Il a commencé son nouveau poste hier, elle a terminé le livre en trois jours. Infinitives (like parler, donnner, commencer, etc.) never follow the auxiliary avoir.

Q: Why is it je vais y aller and not je vais y allé?

We have seen that the -é form of -er verbs is used after avoir and être. In most other cases, the infinitive is more likely. That’s the case after other verbs, like aller (Je vais ramasser les déchets), devoir (e.g.: Je dois passer te voir) and pouvoir (Tu peux demander à ta mère). The same pattern is found after prepositions as well. For example, Elle me demande de ramasser mes jouets, cela sert à améliorer la réception.

Mistakes to avoid:

*Je veux commencé demain (use the -er form after verbs other than avoir and être)

*Il m’a donner un livre (use the -é form after avoir and être)

*Elle va mang´´ avec nous (use the -er form after verbs other than avoir and être)

*je viens de regardé un film en français (use -er after prepositions)

*J’ai adorer ce filme (use the -é form after avoir and être)

Practice: Write a paragraph about what you did yesterday and what you will do tomorrow, then check it with BonPatron.com!

Exercises

Choose between the participe passé and the infinitive:

Je vais (commencé or commencer) demain.
Je dois (chercher or cherché) ma cousine à l'aéroport.
Ils ont tout (mangé or manger).
Mon chien aime se (promener or promené).
Mon équipe a (gagné or gagner) hier soir.
Je me suis (cassé or casser) le bras.
Elle doit se (brossé or brosser) les dents.
Il peut (acheté or acheter) ce qu'il veut.
On m'a demandé de (chanter our chanté) devant tout le monde.

Give the French infinitive for the following:

take
look for
show
climb
fly
wash
include
smoke
record
shake
miss
touch
hit
hide
explain
argue
improve
stir
tell
push
grow
become
share
wear
live
brush
breathe
take place
make
spread
read
write
travel
have fun
break
build
swim
dig
meet
find
watch
drink
feel
accept
allow
ask
believe
end
cry
produce
scare
follow
listen
hear
get old
pour
give
laugh
think
borrow
hate
fall
love
go
come
go up
finish
go down
need
be able
be
have
learn
create
promise
talk
win
lose
fill
know
be born
die
succeed
open
close
fix
cook
dampen/make wet
want
see
play
drive
lend
cancel
buy
sell
answer
study
help
run
walk
bother
sleep
dream
sit

Tags: Infinitive verbs passé composé subject agreement negation
Verb conjugation:

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